Category Archives: Creation

Epigenetics – Complexity of Biblical Proportions

Biology, Creation, DNA, Genetics, origins

Hot Topic in Modern Research

The discovery of DNA has greatly enhanced our understanding of life and its complexities. However, understanding DNA is just the beginning. DNA orchestration and expression are of mind-blowing, Biblical, proportions of complexity. This orchestration is a field of study called epigenetics, a term coined in the 1940’s and currently one of the hottest topics of research. Epigenetics may very well be the most important scientific discovery of our generation.

 

How it Works

Consider a nest of eggs. The DNA is fixed in the nucleus of each egg. After a month or so, the eggs will incubate and transform themselves into chicks. These chicks all look alike but no longer resemble the egg from which they came. Their DNA has not changed. Every cell in their body, in collaboration with every other cell, has expressed itself as this baby chick. After a few weeks they increase in size and grow bigger wings, their fuzz turns into feathers, and muscles become toned for flight.

At each stage, the babies, in this case, robins, all look alike; their DNA is expressed in like manner for each of the chicks; every cell is expressing itself differently, but in concert with every other cell, doing its part to produce a fledgling.

Amazingly, the robin’s DNA does not change, but the robins do; they change a lot. They all grow at the same rate and fledge at the same time. Finally, we have mature birds, all approximately the same size and approximately the same physical appearance. The DNA is fixed from egg till death, but the expression of the robin’s DNA is changed drastically from one stage to another. Everything is performing with perfect orchestration and expression.

Mechanism

So, the question is, what mechanism produces this orchestration? It is explained by epigenetics. Epigenetics is the study of how DNA is packed into the cell and with which chemicals it is packed. The result of this packing regulates which genes are expressed and to what extent. Each time a cell divides, it is subject to new packing arrangements. Each cell is different and each cell packs in concert with every other cell; each doing its part. This is a miracle. Every stage of growth and development is a miracle.

An extreme example of epigenetics is the butterfly. During metamorphosis, the larva changes to a butterfly, totally different from the larva in appearance and metabolism. And, it happens very quickly. The cell divisions act in unison with all cells to regulate gene expression and produce what looks like a totally different creature even though the DNA remains fixed.

Epigenetics is a system of turning genes off and on. We humans have just over 20,000 genes in our body and each of these genes can be expressed or not depending on how tightly it is wound and with which chemicals it is packed. Therefore, with the butterfly, one combination of genes is expressed to build the larva and another combination of genes is expressed for constructing the mature butterfly. No matter how the DNA is packed, it cannot construct a moth, a bird, or a chimpanzee; it can only express the various stages of that species of butterfly.

Human Epigenetics

Now let’s look at human epigenetics and make it a bit more personal. What regulates and orchestrates our DNA packing? The answer is, “our personal DNA coupled with our environment determines how our DNA is packed.” This environment includes diet, air quality, stress, friends, attitude, purpose, and spiritual beliefs. The environment triggers receptors, switches, hormones, and electrical signals: these triggers affect how our DNA expresses itself. In summary, not only does your DNA regulate gene expression, but it also influences our physical and spiritual environments. We have a blog (part 2 of this blog) that shows both the physical and spiritual effects of epigenetics using laboratory tests of mice and rats.

Shocking Complexity

Now that we have given the basics, it is time to shock you with the complexity of epigenetics. Consider you. You looked different when you were a fetus and you looked different as a newborn. Then came the toddler years and adolescent years. Every decade you look different. Each cell in your body must do its part in making you, you for each period of your life. Latest estimates are that a human body has 37.2 trillion cells. Each cell contains about 6 feet of DNA. Therefore, you have 6 X 37.2 = 223.2 trillion feet of DNA that must orchestrate your growth, health, and metabolism. If we take this 223.2 trillion feet of DNA and divide by 5280 (feet in a mile) and take that and divide by the distance to the sun (93 million miles), we get 459.07.

This is shocking! This means that if you stretch out your DNA, it is long enough to make approximately 230 round trips to the sun. This is complexity of Biblical proportions. Each of these 6-foot strands must do its part in the orchestration with all the other 37.2 trillion strands to produce you at any point in your life. Only divine intellect and ingenuity can explain complexity of this proportion.

Dear friends and children, if you believe the Bible you are doing well. The complexity of life is of Biblical proportions and cannot be explained by chaos. When we face the creator, we will be able to say, “we believed your Word, that you created all things.”

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DNA and the Gospel

Biology, Creation, DNA, Genetics, origins

Amazing DNA

DNA is the code that defines our flesh and blood. It is complex to the extreme, and it contains the information that builds and maintains our bodies; our bodies are filled with little factories that assemble proteins; proofreaders that check instructions; little transporters that deliver building material to the factories and other users; there are gates with gatekeepers; mechanisms that police the body looking for invaders; and more than 90,000 other mechanisms that build, regulate, and orchestrate body functions. All those who study DNA are amazed by it. So, from where did this marvelous DNA come and how did it develop into its present state?

Eternal Genetics

Let’s go back in time approximately 6000 years ago, just before the creation. All things were in Christ, including our DNA. At this point, all things (atoms, molecules, stars,

Jesus had DNA
Jesus had our DNA with Him

animals, and humans) were just an idea, not yet formed or activated. Then, the idea of the creation was released in the form of Word, and on day 6 of the creation, the idea of man was spoken into existence (Genesis 1:26); at the end of day 6, God proclaimed the entire creation to be “very good” (Genesis 1:31), this included our DNA in its “very good” state.

Then, after God rested on day seven (Genesis 2:2), Adam was formed (Genesis 2:7) and he received the breath of life from God, and Adam became a living soul, i.e. functioning flesh and blood. Fittingly, the name “Adam” means “mankind,” so, all of us alive today were in Adam. All of our genes were in him in the form of DNA. It was God’s intention that Adam live forever; therefore, his DNA and ours was intended to be eternal.

Our Corrupted Genetics

However, once Adam was given life, humanity’s DNA became vulnerable, it was no longer safe in Christ, but subject to free will and the darkness (Genesis 1:4); God took a risk. Then, unfortunately, sin did enter the world through Adam (Romans 5:12). We, today, suffer from sin: our sins, our family’s sin, our nation’s sin, and Adam’s sin. Part of this suffering is the result of mutations in our DNA; these mutations, which were planted by Satan (Matthew 13:25), cause disease, deformities, death, and other deteriorations of our flesh and blood.

There is One Copy of Our DNA that is Safe

Our present DNA is corrupted and its destiny is death; but, the good news is that the original copy still exists, safely in Christ; and, all we have to do to be restored to our original day 6 DNA is to also be “in Christ” where we are safe and will live forever, even if we die. Here are some supporting scriptures to this notion:

In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump: for the trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall be raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed. 1 Corinthians 15:52

For this corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put on immortality. 1 Corinthians 15:53

So when this corruptible shall have put on incorruption, and this mortal shall have put on immortality, then shall be brought to pass the saying that is written, Death is swallowed up in victory. 1 Corinthians 15:54 (KJV)


. . . I am the resurrection, and the life: he that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live: John 11:25 (Words of Jesus in red KJV)

Jesus is the Keeper of Our Genetics

This is just one reason, the genetic reason, why Jesus is called the Redeemer: He retains every element of the creation in Him, including our DNA, and He has the power and authority to restore all things to their perfect condition at any time.

John 1:3 All things were made through him, and without him was not any thing made that was made.

John 1:4 In him was life; . . .

In conclusion, our DNA as it exists now, was “in Christ” before the creation, spoken into existence on day 6. Then, after God’s rest, it was activated in the form of Adam; at this point, human DNA was “very good.” Unfortunately, Adam sinned and his DNA became polluted, destined to death; and, since we all came from Adam, our DNA is also polluted. However, the good copy still exists in Christ where it is safe, and we have access to it when we are also “in Christ.” This is the Gospel from a genetic perspective.

 

Here are some other links with some additional background information:

Adam’s DNA

Genesis Chapter 1 and 2

Jesus’ DNA

The Genetics of Sin Nature

 

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Keywords: Gospel genetics, eternal life DNA, Gospel according to DNA, In Christ, genetic mutations

Genesis Chapters 1 and 2 – Agreement or Contradiction

Biology, Creation, DNA, Genetics, Migration, origins, Young earth

Logical and chronological

Genesis chapters 1 and 2 have been a bit of a mystery in that they appear to be in conflict with one another. However, now that we understand DNA, these two chapters converge into one creation account that is logically and chronologically perfect.

Genesis 1 documents the order of creation. Genesis chapter 2, on the other hand, documents the activation of the creation.

Everything was created before the seventh day. However, the plants had not been planted and neither animals nor man had been given the breath of life. The Bible is clear, God rested on the seventh day. If God had given man life on the sixth day, God could not have rested on the seventh. He wouldn’t abandon Adam nor would He want to miss Adam’s first day of life. Then, after God rested, He formed Adam from the earth in accordance with the DNA created and selected on day 6. In chapter 2, God gave Adam the breath of life and he, Adam, became a living soul.

Bara and Yatsar

This notion is further supported by the parable of the farmer who planted his field with good seed and then rested (Matthew 13:24). As the farmer rested, the seeds had not yet started growing, they were still dormant, still in seed form. This is the way it was on day 7 of creation; everything was created, ready for activation, but dormant. Then, in Genesis chapter 2, after God rested, He took the DNA created on day 6 and formed man, and breathed life into him. For those of you who study Hebrew, you will see that the word used in Genesis 1 is different from the one used in Genesis 2. The word used in Genesis 1 is “bara” having the sense of selecting. In Genesis 2 the word “yatsar” has the sense of forming or squeezing into shape much like a potter forming his pot.

Activation

Here is some of the Genesis 2 account of the creation. It shows that the materials were available, the plans were complete, and then came the activation. Please consider the following excerpts from Genesis 2:

When no bush of the field was yet in the land and no small plant of the field had yet sprung up–for the LORD God had not caused it to rain on the land, and there was no man to work the ground, Genesis 2:5

then the LORD God formed the man of dust from the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living creature. Genesis 2:7

And the LORD God planted a garden in Eden, in the east, and there he put the man whom he had formed. Genesis 2:8

And out of the ground the LORD God made to spring up every tree that is pleasant to the sight and good for food. The tree of life was in the midst of the garden, and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. Genesis 2:9

The LORD God took the man and put him in the garden of Eden to work it and keep it. Genesis 2:15

Now out of the ground the LORD God had formed every beast of the field and every bird of the heavens and brought them to the man to see what he would call them. And whatever the man called every living creature, that was its name. Genesis 2:19

The man gave names to all livestock and to the birds of the heavens and to every beast of the field.  Genesis 2:20

So, Adam was given life first, then the plants, then the animals. It all makes sense.

This also explains Genesis 5:2 which has been a mystery until now:

Genesis 5:2 Male and female created he them; and blessed them, and called their name Adam, in the day when they were created. (KJV)

The “they” is “we”

He created them male and female and called their name Adam. He called their name Adam. Adam embodied all human genetic variation. Your genes, my genes, everyone’s genes were in Adam. We were all created on day 6 and God called our name “Adam.” The name “Adam” means “man.” It goes on to say “in the day when they were created.” Again, the they is we. Our DNA was created on day six, but we were formed and given life in our mother’s womb.

Dear friends and children, know that the Bible is true and can be trusted. Genesis chapters one and two are logically and chronologically perfect.

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How many animals were on Noah’s Ark according to DNA

Biology, Creation, DNA, Genetics, Migration, Noah's flood

owl_creditDNA Power

One lingering mystery concerning Noah’s ark is: How many animals were on board? Since DNA has a very good reputation for solving mysteries in the courtroom, now it’s time to unleash its powers and reveal Noah’s passenger list.

Species/Kinds

As we look about the earth, we see a multitude of animals reproducing after their kind, each retaining their distinction as a kind/species. How does this happen? Two things are required for kinds/species to remain distinct:

(1) They must have the desire (instincts coded in their DNA) to mate with their own kind/species and

(2) They must have the ability (compatible DNA) to produce viable offspring like themselves.

These two requirements are the basis for both the Biblical and secular scientific definition of species/kinds. The words species and kinds are synonyms, but usually “species” is used by the secular scientific community, and “kinds” is used by the Biblical community. Nonetheless, both words should define the same creatures, and we conclude that they do. Our position is as follows:

Fundamentally, all of the species currently defined by modern science were on the Ark or in the sea

Examples

Consider humans; we have the desire and ability to produce more humans like ourselves. Even if we have the desire to reproduce with a pig or a chimpanzee, we cannot because we do not have the genetic ability in our DNA to do so.

Next, consider the great horned owls, they desire to mate with other great horned owls, and they can produce other great horned owls. However, their DNA does not produce the desire or the ability to create a bluebird, a barn owl, or even an eagle owl which is the same genus as the great horned owl.

Past Work

We wrote a technical paper, The Genetics of Kinds – Ravens, Owls, and Doves, and found that not one of the owl kinds/species we examined could produce any other owl kinds/species. That is also true for the ravens and doves. They differ from one another by having too much genetic information. We also wrote a technical paper, A Study of Biblical Kinds Using 62 Species of Mice; which showed the various species/kinds of mouse DNA differed from one another by significant amounts with distinct DNA gaps between the kinds/species. It would be impossible to bridge these gaps using any natural processes.

Just Mice

Our study of the mouse was very interesting in that we found that there are more than one hundredmouse_credit mouse kinds/species and they all remain distinct. How do they do it? They have been magnificently designed with the desire and ability to reproduce after their kinds. Here are a few facts: They can read each other’s genetics like a barcode (Ref 1). They mate only with their own species (Ref 2). They don’t breed with close relatives (Ref 3), and the males do not mate with underaged females (Ref 4). All of this is coded in the DNA and not only does it preserve their distinctiveness, but also maintains good genetic health. You may read all about it, get all of the references, and gain access to all of the DNA sequences at A Study of Biblical Kinds Using 62 Species of Mice.

If only a few kinds would have been on the Ark, there would only be a few kinds now. The scriptures are clear: “every” kind was created (Genesis 1); “every” kind was loaded on the Ark (Genesis 6:19-20); and “every” kind disembarked from the Ark (Genesis 8:17-20). The kinds were distinct and remained distinct.

Conclusions

Our conclusion would necessitate that on the order of 6000 amphibia, 10,000 birds, 6,000 mammals, and 8,000 reptile kinds/species were aboard the Ark. Accounting for pairs, sevens of clean animals, and those that have gone extinct since the flood, the total number aboard the Ark would be on the order of 100,000. This would be no problem for the very large Ark with all of the animals in Biblical “deep sleep” (Ref 5).

As we look at this glorious creation, we see that the kinds are distinct. They are distinct because they have both the desire and ability to mate with their kind and produce offspring of like kind. God always does things right, and to replenish the earth properly, He gave every kind a berth on the Ark. All of the passengers were peacefully asleep being transported to a new world filled with adventure and hope.

Keywords:

Animals of the Ark, Species on the Ark, Kinds on the Ark, Noah’s Ark, Noah’s Ark, species vs. kinds, and DNA Noah’s Ark

Additional Suggested Reading:

Noah’s Ark A Fresh Look

Noah’s Ark Hermetically Sealed and Safe

References:

1. Beynon, R.J. and Hurst, J.L., 2003. Multiple roles of major urinary proteins in the house mouse, Mus domesticus., Biochem Soc Trans. 2003 Feb;31(Pt 1):142-6. PMID:12546672.

2. Lane, R.P., Young, J., Newman, T., and Trask, B.J., 2004. Species specificity in rodent pheromone receptor repertoires. Genome Res. 14: 603-608. [PMC free article] [PubMed]

3. Sherborne, A.L., Michael D., Thom, M.D., Paterson, S., Jury, F., Ollier, W.E.R., Stockley, P., Beynon, R.J. and Hurst, J.L., 2007. The Genetic Basis of Inbreeding Avoidance in House Mice, Current Biology 17, 2061–2066, December 4, 2007.

4. Ferrero, D.M., Moeller, L.M., Osakada T., Horio, N., Li, Q., Dheeraj S.R., Cichy, A., Spehr, M. Touhara, K. Liberles, S.D., 2013. A juvenile mouse pheromone inhibits sexual behaviour through the vomeronasal system.
Nature, 2013; DOI: 10.1038/nature12579

5. http://www.genesisandgenetics.org/2013/07/20/122/

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Y-chromosome Validates the Bible

Biology, Creation, DNA, Genetics, Human phylogenetics, Migration, Noah's flood, Y-chromosomes

Foreword

Those who believe the Bible accept it by faith; however, there are many accounts in the Bible that are testable scientifically. One of these accounts is that of Noah having three sons and these three sons repopulated the entire earth after the flood . This paper provides scientific evidence that all men alive today came from one of three ancient ancestors. Our findings are based on Y-chromosome analysis. The analysis is simple, straightforward, and repeatable; anyone can understand it and repeat it. The data is fully documented herein and generated from mainstream scientific community sources (Reference 1 is the browser and Reference 2 contains the sequences used).

The Bible made the following proclamation thousands of years ago, and now we have the genetic tools to test its validity:

Genesis 9:19  These are the three sons of Noah: and of them was the whole earth overspread.

Genesis 10:32  These are the families of the sons of Noah, after their generations, in their nations: and by these were the nations divided in the earth after the flood. 

Background

We know that the Y-chromosome is passed from father to son, and, in general, each generation passes on a few genetic variants to the next generation. These variants provide genetic markers which are highly valuable for tracking ancestry. Geneticists sort people into groups called haplogroups because they contain like genetic markers. The haplogroups form a family tree for all humanity and allow us to trace ancestry back to our most ancient ancestors.

Former Work

We, at Genesis and Genetics, made a preliminary evaluation of Y-chromosome DNA genetic markers and discovered that all human men on earth came from one of three ancient ancestors (Reference 3). We found that any human man could trace his genetic markers back to one and only one of three ancient ancestors. Any man with a marker ‘A’ at rs9786139 is from one ancient ancestor, a marker ‘A’ at rs17306671 is from another ancient ancestor, and a marker ‘G’ at rs3900 is from the third ancient ancestor. It was easy to associate these three most ancient ancestors with Ham, Shem, and Japheth by looking at Biblical history of migration and nations. Ham had the ‘A’ at rs9786139; Shem had the ‘A’ at rs17306671; and Japheth had the ‘G’ at rs3900.

This former research was based on a study of 57 modern human men. All the men had one and only one of the three markers stated above.

Note: We use the terms “mutations,” “variants,” and “markers” interchangeably.

Confirmation

Since our original study, we have looked at many more sequences, a total of 1233 Y-chromosome genomes, and found they all conformed to our original findings.  Reference 4  documents the 1233 human genomes and which ones are from each of Noah’s three sons. All 1233 humans had one and only one of the three markers. There were no exceptions. This paper confirms our original findings and compares our Biblical ancestral family tree to that of mainline science.

Comparison to Mainline Science

In general, our analysis agreed with mainstream science concerning haplogroups. Therefore, our family tree uses the same haplogroups as our friends in mainstream science. But they are rooted differently. Here is the secular science tree followed by our family tree. There are several versions of the secular trees (called phylogenetic trees), but we, generally, used the one generated by the International Society of Genetic Genealogy, ISOGG (Reference 5).

 

Biblical Family tree

As one can see, the two trees are similar, but the root and flow of genetic markers are different. The secular tree is rooted in haplogroup A, and the Biblical tree is rooted in Noah dividing into three separate haplogroups; one from Ham; one from Shem; and one from Japheth. We do not present Noah’s DNA, but it is simply his three sons’ DNA less their genetic markers.

Finding the Tree Root

Armed with these 1233 diverse genomes, we began our search by noticing that a few mutations/genetic markers, were common in the population;  some were up to 52 percent of the population. It is quite logical to assume that the higher the mutation’s frequency, the better chance that it is at or near the root of our family tree.

For example, if a mutation is in 1/2 of the population, it probably originated when the population was approximately 2 men. If a mutation is in 1/10th of the male population, it probably originated when the male population was approximately 10. And if a mutation is in1/1,000,000), it probably originated when the world population was 1,000,000.

So, we decided that any mutation with a frequency of more than 5 percent could be one of Noah’s three sons. This assumption would allow for some genetic drift and the inability for our 1233 subjects to exactly match the whole world population distribution.

All Men came from three ancient ancestors

Next, we took each of the mutations with frequencies higher than 5 percent and used them to form genetic groups, i.e., haplogroups. Quickly, we realized that every mutation belonged to one and only one of three ancient ancestors.

It appeared that we found Shem, Ham, and Japheth. There was a Shem haplogroup, a Ham haplogroup, and a Japheth haplogroup. All 1233 genomes fit into one and only one of the three. There were no exceptions. The three root mutations had frequencies of 10%, 38%, and 52%. And, as expected, they added up to 100% of the population. Furthermore, Shem, Ham, and Japheth were associated with the three ancient ancestor mutations easily by looking at the geographical locations of each group and comparing them to Bible history. Ham went south and east; Japheth went north and east, and Shem populated the Near East and Europe.

Noah’s Y-chromosome is impossible to find directly. The reason is that he is the origin of all male humanity and he had, by definition, no genetic markers. Therefore, the way to find Noah’s Y-genome is by determining the genomes of his sons and deleting all their mutations.

The true root of humanity was Adam. Adam’s DNA went through the bottleneck of Noah. So we all came from Adam and we all came from Noah. Adam is the root of all humanity, and Noah is the root of post-flood humanity.

Genetic Mutations/Markers Flow in One Direction

Just as water flows downstream, so do genetic markers. Genetic markers flow from most ancient ancestors to modern ancestors. For instance, your great grandfather passed markers to your grandfather who passed additional markers to your father. Your father passed his additional markers to you,. And if you are a man, you too will pass new markers to your sons. Lineage flows downstream. More and more new markers appear in offspring as the generations pass. However, the original markers of your ancestors remain in your genome. A key point here is that as the markers flow away from the root, the new markers divide the offspring into sub-haplogroups. This dividing into sub-haplogroups shows the direction of the genetic marker flow.  Distant branches have only the markers close to the root, but are missing many of the markers in their cousins, second cousins etc.

Therefore, as expected, the data shows that markers flow from Noah’s three sons to their sub-haplogroups. Consider just haplogroup K, everyone from haplogroup K has the rs3900 G marker. Likewise, the sub-haplogroups have additional markers that show they are later generations forming smaller haplogroups such as M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, and T etc. T must come from K, but K cannot come from T.

Since genetic mutations/markers flow downstream, it is not possible that the root of the Y-chromosome family tree is rooted in a marker with a small frequency. In order for that to happen, it would take many bottlenecks, overwrites, drift, and other genetic contortions.

Full Population Representation

The three adjacent haplogroups, IJ, IJK, and K contain 100 percent (Ham 38%, Shem 10%, and Japheth 52%) of the 1233 genomes analyzed. In other words, they are the source of all modern humanity. Take any other combination of the other haplogroups and mix and match them, they do not represent all humanity; they do not add up to 100 percent. The only way you get one hundred percent is to use IJ, IJK, and K.

Biblical and Secular History

The haplogroups IJ, IJK, and K are comprised of people from Mid-East, West Asia, and Near East. According to the Biblical narrative, all humanity came from the Armenian mountains which which are in West Asia and close to the Near East and the Mid-East. In short, these haplogroups locations fit nicely into Biblical history.

The historical age began in Mesopotamia, shortly after the flood. These earliest writings document a worldwide flood and the world populated by the survivors of that flood. Nowhere do these legends and writings record mankind originating from any other part of the world.

Summary

The Y-chromosome DNA is the perfect vehicle for scientifically testing the portion of the Bible that says all modern human men were born of three ancient men. The Y-chromosome data of 1233 genomes corroborates the Biblical account. We now have a Biblical family tree and can trace our ancestry to the Biblical sons of Noah.

Future Work

We are in the process of identifying the DNA of Noah’s 16 grandsons in the family tree.

 

References:

  1. http://useast.ensembl.org/info/about/publications.html
  2. https://www.genome.gov/27528684/1000-genomes-project
  3. https://www.genesisandgenetics.org/2021/04/16/y-chromosome-migration-and-the-biblical-phylogenetic-tree-or-finding-ham-shem-and-japheth-via-y-chromosome/
  4. https://www.genesisandgenetics.org/Ancient.xlsx
  5. https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1Y0GXjhazYa46u0EpPA9b0Y0RVWuh5lDzww_o979mbjQ/edit#gid=1904113265
  6. https://useast.ensembl.org/index.html

 

 

Fertile Crescent, Nimrod, and Confusion of Language – Human Migration

Creation, Migration, Noah's flood, origins

Overview

At Genesis and Genetics, we take secular science findings and use them to defend the Bible. In the case of the fertile crescent archaeology, we have found the following concerning human migration, Nimrod, and the confusion of tongues:

Early Human Migration

Starting with the Bible, we see that early human migration began when Noah’s Ark landed in the mountains of Armenia. Here is what happened after they left the Ark:

* Noah planted a vineyard. The oldest vineyards in the world are in ancient Armenia, as documented in our former blog Noah’s wine country.

* As Noah’s offspring spread out, they settled in the fertile crescent. This was before the migration into the “Land of Shinar.” The reason for this is that the Land of ShinarEarly migration (Lower Mesopotamia) was underwater. Presently, much of Lower Mesopotamia is less than 60 feet above sea level. For instance, presently the elevation of Babylon is 7 feet, Ur is 59 feet, Uruk is 52 feet, and Eridu is 23 feet.

* A portion of the fertile crescent is to the East of the Land of Shinar in the foothills of the Zagros Mountains. According to the Bible, those who settled in the Land of Shinar “came from the East.” This means that only a portion of Noah’s offspring settled in the Land of Shinar. The Bible says that those who settled in the Land of Shinar wanted to “make a name for themselves.” If they were the only civilization on the earth, they wouldn’t have to make a name for themselves.

The Rise of Nimrod (Enmerkar)

* Shortly after the arrival in the Land of Shinar (Sumer), a sophisticated society began, and an Empire arose from the city of Uruk (Biblical Erech). This empire spread out into the fertile crescent.  The secular archaeologists refer to it as the Uruk Expansion. The Emperor/ruler/king was a man called Enmerkar. He is a prime candidate, and our pick, for the Biblical Nimrod.

* Enmerkar enjoyed great success until the language was confused. There are many historical references to the confusion of language, and in the “legend of Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta,” Enmerkar is blamed for the confusion of tongues.

The Fall of Nimrod

* Enmerkar (Nimrod) lost his empire due to the confusion of tongues. He lost his ability to communicate with his outposts, trade partners, and clans in the empire.

* Enmerkar was credited for being the first to use written language. Written language arose quickly after the Uruk Empire collapsed. Possibly, Enmerkar attempted to restore his empire by introducing writing and using it and scribes to restore the empire. But it didn’t work. Shortly after the collapse of the Uruk empire, the dynastic period began. Each language group had a king. The confusion of tongues accomplished God’s purpose in that it divided the people.

* Enmerkar (Nimrod) was shamed and fell into obscurity.

Biblical Narrative

Disembarkation

Noah and his family disembarked in ancient Armenia. Modern archeology tells us that the most ancient vineyards are in ancient Armenia. This is also the point of origin of most domestic grapes. So, all humanity and domestic grapes migrated from ancient Armenia (Noah’s Wine Country), consistent with the Bible.

Early migration

As Noah’s children multiplied, they sought new lands and adventure. Some migrated North and East to Asia, and some migrated South to the fertile crescent, including Egypt. At this time, the waters were still receding from the flood, and lower Mesopotamia (the Land of Shinar) was still underwater. As the waters receded, those in the fertile crescent East of the Land of Shinar moved into the rich alluvial plain, which became Sumer and Akkad.

Genesis 11:2  And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there. 

Confusion of Language

They wanted to do two things, first, make a name for themselves, and two, they wanted to disobey the command of God to scatter, i.e., migrate. If they continued with their goals, God would lose the hope of having a people unto Himself; a one-world government would be risky in that there would be a loss of freedom of choice. God decided to stop the Enmerkar empire and did the following:

Genesis

11:6 And the LORD said, Behold, the people is one, and they have all one language; and this they begin to do: and now nothing will be restrained from them, which they have imagined to do. 

11:7 Go to, let us go down, and there confound their language, that they may not understand one another’s speech.

11:8 So the LORD scattered them abroad from thence upon the face of all the earth: and they left off to build the city.

One mind one language – Nimrod -Emperor

The entire population of the world spoke one language and were of one mind. In the land of Sumer, there arose a mighty person who built the city of Uruk (Biblical Erech) and formed an empire. Because the people were of one mind, he had little trouble forming this empire without bloodshed. It was a sophisticated society with farming, the wheel, chariots, government, toilets, septic tanks, geometry, the “Roman” arch, irrigation, think tanks, and beer. The Empire planted outposts near trading partners, and everything was booming. Here are the scriptures about Nimrod (Enmerkar):

Genesis

10:8 And Cush begat Nimrod: he began to be a mighty one in the earth.

10:9 He was a mighty hunter before the LORD: wherefore it is said, Even as Nimrod the mighty hunter before the LORD.

10:10 And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar. ‘

10:11 Out of that land went forth Asshur, and builded Nineveh, and the city Rehoboth, and Calah,

10:12 And Resen between Nineveh and Calah: the same is a great city.

Timeframe

These scriptures vividly point to the making of an empire with Nimrod as the emperor. Everything fits with the Bible except the carbon 14 dates. However, the secular carbon dates assume there was no flood. If the dates are corrected for flood effects, it all comes together. Here is our date assessment using the Flood Effects on Radio-Carbon Dating corrected dates.

Event                                               Corrected dates                                    Secular dates

The flood                                          2348 BC (Bible)                                   Didn’t happen

Oldest vineyard                              2150 BC                                                  6100 BC

Death of Noah                                 1998 BC                                                  He didn’t exist

Uruk Expansion Start                    1996 BC                                                  3700 BC

Confusion of Tongues                   1908 BC                                                  3000 BC

Jemdat Nassr period                      1930 BC -1892 BC                              3150 BC – 2900 BC
(transition period
Between the Uruk empire
and the dynastic era)

First writing                                          1908 BC                                                  3000 BC

Beginning of                                         1892 BC                                                  2900 BC
Dynastic Period
(End of Uruk Empire)

The obvious question is, “where was Noah when all this happened?” Notice in the above dates that the Uruk expansion did not start until Noah died. This makes sense in that Noah must have been considered an important influence on society, and maybe the Uruk expansion, which included the building of the Tower of Babel, could not have happened if Noah were alive.

Conclusion:

Noah’s offspring migrated from the vineyard in all directions, but many settled in the Fertile Crescent. As the waters abated, those from the Eastern portion of the fertile crescent settled in the Biblical “Land of Shinar” (Mesopotamia). From the Land of Shinar, there arose a powerful man, Nimrod/Enmerkar, who built the city of Uruk (Erech) and from that city arose the Uruk/Erech empire. The empire spread to much of the ancient world, but the confusion of languages caused the empire to topple. The emperor attempted to keep the empire intact by using an invention, writing; however, it didn’t work, and the empire collapsed, ushering in the dynastic period. The dynastic period stopped globalization, and nations began to form.

References:

1. The Bible

2. Noah’s Wine Country

3. Radio Carbon Date Calculator

4. The Uruk World System The Dynamics of Expansion of Early Mesopotamian Civilization, by Algaze Guillermo

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Eve’s DNA

Biology, Creation, DNA, Genetics, Human phylogenetics, Migration, origins, Y-chromosomes

Eve’s DNA was perfect

Eve in the garden original art by HH 2021

The account of Eve is an interesting and important segment of our genetic history. The Bible says that God put Adam into a deep sleep, took one of Adam’s ribs, and made a woman (Genesis 2:21-22). Adam named her Eve and proclaimed that she was “bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh” (Genesis 2:23-24). Eve’s DNA, like Adam’s, was perfect. It was without mutations and immortal.

Eve’s DNA and science

So, how does modern science line up with this account? First of all, does the man’s rib contain enough genetic information to make a woman? The answer is “yes,” Adam’s ribs contained all the necessary genetic information to make Eve. However, it is interesting to note that if the first human were a woman, her rib would not contain enough information to make a man. This is because women do not have the y-chromosome. So, if the Bible stated that God created a woman first and then a man from her rib, the Bible would be in error; but, the Bible got it right and stands true. This all seems elementary to us now, but remember that the scriptures are much older than our knowledge of DNA.

Adam and Eve were near-identical twins

It follows, from both a Biblical and genetic perspective, that Eve was Adam’s feminine identical twin. When Adam said that Eve was “bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh” (Genesis 2:23-24), he was confirming this point. Is this possible? Can there be male/female identical twins? Yes, it is possible: if a geneticist takes two identical twin embryos and genetically engineers them so one has two X chromosomes and the other has one X and one Y chromosome, the resulting two humans will be identical male/female twins. Although rare, there are natural occurrences of male/female identical twins. For further information on this, just do an internet search on “male/female identical twins.”

Eve’s children

A common question to this notion of Adam and Eve being identical male/female twins is: “If Adam and Eve were identical twins, wouldn’t all their children also be identical to Adam and/or Eve?” The answer to this question is “No.” Adam and Eve were identical twins and they each had two copies of every gene. Due to a biological process called “meiosis,” these genes were shuffled differently for each of their children, and that fact coupled with epigenetic effects results in the chances of a child having identical DNA to Adam or Eve being infinitely small. This process of meiosis is easily understood, just search on “meiosis” and you will find many videos and detailed explanations.

Sin and mutations

When Adam and Eve ate the forbidden fruit, they sinned and reaped the penalty of sin. They became mortal and subject to genetic mutations. These mutations cause disease, deformities, and death, but they allow us to track our heritage. It is the consensus of both creation and secular scientists that all humans presently on earth come from one woman: “Eve” (creationists) and “Mitochondrial Eve” (secular scientists).

Genesis 3:20  And Adam called his wife’s name Eve; because she was the mother of all living.

Summary

In conclusion, Eve’s creation and genetic composition provide a fascinating bit of our human history that helps us understand our origins. It also demonstrates the convergence of modern science with the Biblical scriptures.

Here are some related articles if interested.

Adam’s DNA

Adam’s Rib

Genesis Chapter 1 and 2

 

Adam’s DNA

Biology, Creation, DNA, Genetics, Human phylogenetics, origins, Y-chromosomes

Adam’s DNA was perfect.

According to the Bible, God created Adam approximately 6000 years ago. His body was perfect and not destined to die; he was immortal. But we are not like Adam. We are mortal and subject to imperfections and disease. Why? The answer is simple: When sin entered the world our bodies began collecting DNA mutations. Fortunately, we hope someday to enjoy our original day-6 DNA: perfect and immortal.

Let’s look at what the Bible says:

Genesis 1:31  And God saw every thing that he had made, and, behold, it was very good. And the evening and the morning were the sixth day. 

Genesis 2:7  And the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and man became a living soul. (KJV)

Science and Adam’s DNA

Adam became a living soul, the first living soul, which means Adam necessarily had all of the human genetic variations in his DNA. Everyone, including Eve, came from Adam’s DNA. Modern science has proclaimed that all Y-chromosomes came from one man. We call Him Adam, and secular science calls him Y-chromosome Adam. Modern science also declares that all humanity came from one woman. We call her Eve, and secular science calls her mitochondrial Eve; however, since Eve came from Adam, we all came from Adam. The point is that the Biblical version of human origins is scientifically in tune with the Bible.

(Note: If the Bible had proclaimed that the first human was a woman, the Bible would be in error, women do not have the y-chromosome.)

Humans have approximately 22,000 genes, and combinations of these genes give us variation in physical appearances, such as eye color, nose shape, foot size, etc. These genes also affect our abilities and personality. Since Adam embodied two forms of each gene, he, Adam, provided all human genetic diversity. Two forms of each gene coupled with epigenetics would allow Adam’s genome to produce an infinite number of unique humans.

We are Adam

Because we all share Adam’s DNA, the Bible calls us all, collectively, “Adam.” Please read this scripture very carefully; the keywords here are “them” and “their:”

Genesis 5:2  Male and female created he them; and blessed them, and called their name Adam, in the day when they were created. (KJV)

So, God called their name Adam; we are Adam. When Adam sinned, he became corruptible and took on a sinful nature. Since Adam embodied all humanity, we all went down with him and took on his sinful nature. This sin nature causes corruption of our genes in the form of mutations. Today, every generation has approximately 100 more genetic mutations than the previous generation. These mutations can result in deformation, disorders, and disease; genetic mutations are never good, and we rightly call them “mutations.” Our mutation accumulation is discouraging, but we have the promise that in the twinkling of an eye, our DNA will return to its day-6 splendor. This is good news; this is the Gospel.

 Behold, I shew you a mystery; We shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed,

 In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump: for the trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall be raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed.

For this corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put on immortality. (KJV  I Corinthians 15:51-53 )

Our Future

My dear friends and children, our future is very bright: We are Adam and have the hope of redemption and obtaining our original, day-six DNA. Our bodies will be perfect. We will be in the Kingdom of God, no longer mortal and no longer sinful.

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Adam’s Rib

Biology, Creation, DNA, Genetics, Migration

God Creates Eve

The Bible is the basis for all science. Consider the Biblical account of the creation of Eve by use of Adam’s rib.

Genesis 2:21 -22 So the LORD God caused a deep sleep to fall upon the man, and while he slept took one of his ribs and closed up its place with flesh. And the rib that the LORD God had taken from the man he made into a woman and brought her to the man. (ESV)

This is an interesting scripture. Adam was formed first from the earth, then Eve was made from Adam’s rib.

Human Ribs Regenerate

I recently read an article about a man who was in a serious automobile accident; he lived but required many reconstruction surgeries on his face and cranium. He noticed that the doctor was using rib material for the reconstruction, and it appeared that the doctor kept using the same rib. Before one surgery the man asked the doctor when would he have to start using a different rib. The surgeon told him that it wouldn’t be necessary since human ribs regenerate.

This seemed amazing, so I checked it out. It is true, PubMedID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7332200/ documents 12 patients that were subject to cranioplasty surgery using their human ribs to rebuild cranium bone damage. Forty-two pieces of rib, an average length of 13 cm were removed to rebuild the cranium. All 12 patients “had solid protection of the brain” and “complete regeneration of the donor rib.”

Adam was Restored to Perfection

The rib is the only human bone that regenerates. Isn’t it lucky the Bible picked the right bone? No, actually, it wasn’t luck, God designed it that way and the Bible is the Word of God.

The fact that the rib regenerates supports another scripture:

Genesis 1:31 And God saw every thing that he had made, and, behold, it was very good. And the evening and the morning were the sixth day. (KJV)

If Adam would have had a missing rib, the creation wouldn’t be “very good,” but it would be blemished. However, we now know that Adam was totally restored to the “very good” condition; science confirms what has been in Genesis all along.

The Bible Got it Right

Here is another significant scientific fact concerning the creation of Eve. Adam, being a human male, had one X and one Y chromosome; Eve had two Xs. This may be a small point, but it shows that all the genetic information required to create Eve was in Adam. So, Eve could be taken from Adam, but Adam could not be taken from Eve. The Bible stands, pure.

If scientists considered the Bible as a scientific source, we wouldn’t waste so much time and resources. We are finding that the Bible accurately describes dark mass and energy, genetics, zoology, geology, paleontology, linguistics, and physics. The Bible has stood, stands, and will stand forever.

Post Note: It is a myth that women have fewer ribs than men.

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Intelligence: It’s Everywhere; it’s Everywhere

Biology, Creation, Quantum mechanics

Modern science proclaims that the universe came from nothing. Then time, physical laws, cosmological constants, quantum waves, atoms, and life appeared accidentally without intelligence or purpose.

On the other hand, the Bible proclaims that everything came from divine intelligence and that God spoke all things into existence. If indeed, all things were spoken into existence, it follows that all things have the inherent intelligence of God. So, let’s consider some components of the universe, looking for inherent intelligence:

Birds

Birds know how to build nests, avoid danger, how to fly, and how to sing. This intelligence is built-in. It is not learned because we know that birds have this intelligence even when their eggs are incubated.

Trees

Trees are interesting, they have no brains, no legs, no arms, but they survive and flourish nicely. They know how to get sap to their top leaves in the spring and when to have the sap go underground in the winter. The trees know how to self-assemble from a seed to a majestic tree automatically. They know where to put out leaves, where to grow bark, how to reproduce after their kind, and how to turn inorganic material into organic material. The intelligence is built-in.

Butterflies

Butterfly
Twice automatic self-assembled butterfly

Butterflies never cease to amaze the scientific community. They self-assemble twice, once from egg to worm, then they dissolve their protein and self-assemble again to form a winged butterfly. The Monarch Butterfly migrates from Mexico to Canada and returns to a small area of Mexico. The journey takes 3 to 4 generations of butterflies, yet they know how to get back to that small area in Mexico. Their intelligence amazes us all.

Bacteria

Bacteria have no brains; they are generally single-celled creatures. However, they have built-in intelligence. They know how to cut and paste DNA, how to recognize enemies, how to kill enemies, how to change their DNA to suit their needs, and how to store information. No brains, yet great intelligence.

Viruses

Viruses have no brains, yet they are not only intelligent but crafty as well. They have no reproductive systems, yet they know how to get others to reproduce for them. Viruses enter host cells by trickery and then inject their RNA so that the host cell will use its reproductive machinery to build virus parts. These virus parts automatically self-assemble into clones of the original viruses. Wow, that is intelligence.

Quantum Particles and Atoms

Quantum particles have a dual personality; they can be either a wave or a particle. They have no brains yet play hide and seek with researchers. The quantum waves/particles never lose. It has also been shown that since atoms are made from quantum particles, atoms also have dual personalities. Quantum waves/particles also share information because they have properties of “entanglement.” This entanglement is not limited to just two particles, it also can affect groups of particles. The present writer has concluded that the entire universe is entangled. The collective entanglement makes everything work.

Rocks

How can rocks have intelligence? That is simple; rocks are made from atoms which are made from quantum particles. You may have heard the expression “written in stone.” Now we know that rocks and stones can store data, not just by carving words in them but they can also store much data like a quantum computer. Jesus understood rocks and said that rocks had the ability to call out and praise Him, their creator.

Humans

Humans have brains in two places: (1) in the head and (2) in the torso. So, humans obviously have intelligence. However, humans also have intelligence that is not obvious. During a research project at the Texas Heart Institute, researchers emptied a defective human heart of everything but the exterior structure. Then they filled the structure with stem cells. To their amazement, the stem cells became the missing structures and appeared to reconstruct the human heart. When the heart was filled with fluid, it began to beat!

The human stem cells appeared to know what to become depending on their position in the heart. Also, the human rib, when removed, will automatically rebuild itself. The heart and the rib know how to rebuild themselves. This should not surprise us since we know that a single cell called the human fertilized egg, has the intrinsic intelligence to automatically construct a fully viable human in 9 months. A mature human has more than 40 trillion cells, each automatically assembled working in unison with the other 40 trillion cells to produce a human body.

Summary

Intelligence is everywhere. It is built into everything. Scientists are constantly amazed at nature, but can’t consider inherent divine intelligence for reasons of money, grants, acceptance, and peer pressure. That’s a shame. The more science progresses, the more that we see intelligence everywhere in everything.

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